The 2011 Egyptian revolution

موضوع: The 2011 Egyptian revolution السبت مايو 14, 2011 5:09 pm

(1)
The 2011 Egyptian revolution
(Arabic: ‎ thawret 25 yanāyir,,,, Revolution of 25 January) took place following a popular uprising that began on 25 January 2011. The uprising, in which the participants placed emphasis on the peaceful nature of the struggle, mainly comprised a campaign of civil resistance, which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil disobedience, and labor strikes. Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Despite being predominantly peaceful in nature, the revolution was not without violent clashes between security forces and protesters. The campaign took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt, following the Tunisian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the long time Tunisian president. On 11 February, following weeks of determined popular protest and pressure, Mubarak resigned from office.

Grievances of Egyptian protesters focused on legal and political issues[10] including police brutality,[11] state of emergency laws,[11] lack of free elections and freedom of speech,[12] uncontrollable corruption,[12] as well as economic issues including high unemployment,[13] food price inflation,[13] and low minimum wages.[11][13] The primary demands from protest organizers are the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end of emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government, and a say in the management of Egypt's resources.[14] Strikes by labor unions added to the pressure on government officials.[15]
There have been at least 384 deaths reported, and over 6,000 have been injured. The capital city of Cairo was described as "a war zone,"[16] and the port city of Suez has been the scene of frequent violent clashes. The government imposed a curfew that protesters defied and that the police and military did not enforce. The presence of Egypt's Central Security Forces police used forces towards egypt people

(2)
Revolution is a demand for politic and social basic changes. It may be either positive or negative depending on the backgrounds and the confessions of the rebels who are divided into supporters and opponents. The opponents try to abort a revolution for their own sake whereas supporters do their best for the common good. This humble paragraph intends to shed light on some causes of the Egyptian revolution. To begin with, The Egyptian revolution was based on the Tunisian revolution. It started on January 25th, 2011 and it has several social and political causes. Emergency Law was one remarkable cause. Under this law, anynon-governmental political activities such as manifestations and founding associations without permission are forbidden. Hence, more than 17.000 citizens were retained and the number of political prisoners increased to 30.000. According to the Emergency Law, the government can retain anyone at any time and for any long, besides, the arrested person cannot defend themselves. In addition, the social and the economic conditions were strongly associated to the Egyptian revolution. According to Transparency International, Egypt was one of the most known countries by corruption. In the end of 2010, the ratio of people who live below the level of poverty increased to 40% and the per capita income decreased to 2 dollars a day. To conclude, we notice that some other Arab countries are trying to play the same scenario as Egypt and Tunisia, namely: Libya, Bahrain, Yemen, and Syria, but we don’t know if these peoples will succeed to overthrow their regimes and realize their demands.

(3)
Egypt, the most populous country in the Arab world, erupted in mass protests in January 2011 that have brought the 29-year regime of President Hosni Mubarak to an apparent end, with his announcement on Feb. 1 that he would not run for re-election. The revolution in Tunisia earlier in the month seemed to inflame decades worth of smoldering grievances against Mr. Mubarak's heavyhanded rule.
The protests began on a Tuesday, Jan. 25, growing in strength with tens of thousands of people gathering to demand that Mr. Mubarak to step down. The government quickly banned all demonstrations, but on Wednesday the protesters returned in gathering numbers and clashed with the police in cities across the country despite curfews.
Control of the streets cycled through a dizzying succession of stages. After an all-out war against hundreds of thousands of protesters on the night of Jan. 28, the legions of black-clad security police officers — a reviled paramilitary force focused on upholding the state — withdrew from the biggest cities. After the jails were opened, looters smashed store windows and ravaged shopping malls as police stations and the national party headquarters burned through the night, creating an atmosphere that protesters said would justify a crackdown. Unofficials tallies estimate that more than 100 protesters died in the opening days of the unrest.
That day, Jan. 28, Mr. Mubarak called the army into the streets and that night ordered his government to resign but did not offer to step down himself. He named the head of military intelligence, Omar Suleiman, as his new vice president, and the air force chief, Ahmed Shafik, as prime minister, in an attempt to shore up support among the military.
The change in the cabinet did not slow the protests, and the next day troops and demonstrators fraternized( Mohamed ElBaradei).
The uprising had come about with virtually no leadership, as angry young people used cellphones and social media to coordinate the first protests

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